The effects of drug abuse depend on the type of drug, any other substances that a person is using, and their health history.
Drug misuse, abuse, and addiction can all lead to both short-term and long-term health effects.
Short-term effects
Drugs are chemical compounds that affect the mind and body. The exact effects vary among individuals and also depend on the drug, dosage, and delivery method.
Using any drug, even in moderation or according to a medical prescription, can have short-term effects.
For instance, consuming one or two servings of alcohol can lead to mild intoxication. A person may feel relaxed, uninhibited, or sleepy.
Nicotine from cigarettes and other tobacco products raises blood pressure and increases alertness.
Using a prescription opioid as a doctor has instructed helps relieve moderate-to-severe pain, but opioids can also cause drowsiness, shallow breathing, and constipation
Abusing a drug, or misusing a prescription medication, can produce other short-term effects, such as:
changes in appetite
sleeplessness or insomnia
increased heart rate
slurred speech
changes in cognitive ability
a temporary sense of euphoria
loss of coordination
Drug abuse can affect aspects of a person's life beyond their physical health. People associated with substance abuse may experience, for example:
Inability to stop using a drug
Relationship problems
Poor work or academic performance
Difficulty in maintaining personal hygiene
Noticeable changes in appearance, such as excessive weight loss
Increased impulse and risk-taking behavior
Loss of interest in formerly enjoyable activities
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